• Hedera network's technology originates from Swirlds, Inc. (founded in 2016 by Leemon Baird and Mance Harmon, holder of the Hashgraph patents); the network is governed by the Hedera Council, and the treasury is managed by the Council's Treasury Management and Token Economics Committee.

(Sources: Hedera Treasury Management Report; retrieved on September 14, 2026)

• Provides an enterprise-grade public distributed ledger, serving real-world decentralized applications in finance, AI, and sustainability; HBAR serves as the network fuel and staking-protection token.

(Sources: CoinGecko; retrieved on September 14, 2026)

• Total Supply: 50,000,000,000 HBAR (pre-minted at network launch; cannot be modified without unanimous consent of the entire Hedera Council, LLCA §8.4).
• Circulating Supply: Approx. 43,831,559,671 HBAR (Est. Circulating Supply).
• Price: Approx. $0.0755 USD.
• Early Subscription Conditions (Current Status): The 2020 Coin Purchase Agreement priced tokens for institutional buyers at $0.015 per HBAR, with no delivery in the first two years and batched delivery over the following 12 months.
• Allocation: Official supply allocation (2025, as share of total supply): Ecosystem and Open Source Development 50.61%, Purchase Agreements 25.40%, Network Governance and Operations 16.23% (including approx. 780M board reserves), Initial Development Costs and Licensing 7.77%.

(Sources: Hedera Treasury Management Report, CoinGecko, Hbar Economics Whitepaper v3; retrieved on September 14, 2026)

• Since 2018, Hedera has raised funds via SAFTs (Simple Agreements for Future Tokens, a contract offered only to qualified investors in a private placement): on 2018-08-01 it announced raising 100 million USD from institutional and high-net-worth investors; cumulative SAFT fundraising was approximately 124 million USD. After network functions went live, it also sold via Token Purchase Agreements (TPA) to support operations; in 2020 it conducted institutional sales under Coin Purchase Agreements (CPA) (estimated cap of approx. 20 million USD / 1,333,333,333 HBAR).(Sources: PRNewswire 2018-08-01, Hedera Treasury Management Report; retrieved on September 14, 2026)

• Hedera's main ecosystem programs include: the Hedera Foundation (formerly HBAR Foundation, renamed 2025-05, responsible for ecosystem funding and promotion), the Hedera Consensus Service (HCS, an auditable message-ordering service), the Hedera Token Service (HTS, native tokenization service), and the Smart Contract Service (EVM-compatible smart contracts).

(Sources: CoinGecko; retrieved on September 14, 2026, Hedera Blog — A New Era for Hedera; retrieved on October 1, 2026)

• HBAR is used to pay network transaction fees, smart contract and service fees, and for staking to protect network security; the whitepaper does not represent any equity or revenue claim of holders against the issuing entity.

(Sources: CoinGecko; retrieved on September 14, 2026)

• Uses Hashgraph aBFT consensus; the Hashgraph IP has been open-source since 2022. The network continues to be governed and developed by the Council, and public data shows a continuous development record.

(Sources: Hedera Treasury Management Report; retrieved on September 14, 2026)

• The official Treasury Management Report states that its financial projections carry material uncertainty; some supply-release commitments, if denominated other than in HBAR (e.g. in USD), may result in actual released quantities differing from the reported figures, and investors must assess this themselves.

(Sources: Hedera Treasury Management Report; retrieved on September 14, 2026)

• Hashgraph (aBFT, gossip-about-gossip + virtual voting), governed by up to 39 Council member nodes.

(Sources: Hbar Economics Whitepaper v3; retrieved on September 14, 2026)